Secondo me, l'Italia è bellissima.
In my opinion, Italy is beautiful.
IPA /seˈkondo ˈme litaˈlja ˈɛ bellisˈsima/
Say it seh-KOHN-doh meh, lee-TAH-lyah EH behl-LEES-see-mah
Secondo + person: secondo me, secondo te, secondo Marco.
Say what you think, agree and disagree politely, give reasons and results — and join short sentences into natural, connected speech about travel, holidays and the weather.
Say these aloud before you start. They come from earlier lessons.
To give an opinion, put secondo in front of the person: secondo me (in my opinion), secondo te (in your opinion), secondo Marco. Secondo me, il mare è bellissimo — in my opinion, the sea is beautiful.
To agree, use essere d'accordo: sono d'accordo (I agree), sono d'accordo con te (I agree with you). To disagree politely, just add non — non sono d'accordo — and soften it with a reason: Non sono d'accordo, però capisco (I don't agree, but I understand).
D'accordo never changes: it is sono d'accordo for everyone, men and women.
Seven small words let you join short statements into natural, connected speech. Perché gives the reason, quindi gives the result, and però contrasts two ideas — it can also sit at the end of a sentence: Mi piace, però… (I like it, though…).
Allora moves the conversation forward (so, well then). Anche adds an idea (also, too). Invece switches to the alternative (instead, on the other hand). Forse makes something uncertain (perhaps, maybe) and usually comes first in the sentence.
Listen for the pattern: statement + connector + statement. Fa caldo, quindi andiamo al mare. That one line contains a fact, a result and an action — this is what connected speech sounds like.
Italian uses avere (to have) where English uses to be. Avere ragione means to be right: hai ragione (you're right), ho ragione io (I'm right). It is the friendliest way to end a friendly debate.
Avere paura di means to be afraid of. Put di + infinitive after it for an action: ho paura di volare (I'm afraid of flying). Put di + article + noun for a thing: ho paura del temporale (I'm afraid of thunderstorms).
Because these are avere expressions, every person works the same way: ho, hai, ha, abbiamo, avete, hanno + ragione / paura.
Sometimes nobody in particular is acting — the statement is just a general rule or truth. Italian handles this with impersonal expressions. È importante / è bello / è difficile + infinitive: è importante parlare ogni giorno (it's important to speak every day).
Bisogna + infinitive means it is necessary to — in practice, you/we have to: bisogna comprare il biglietto (you have to buy the ticket). Bisogna never changes person: one form for everyone.
These expressions are perfect for travel talk: bisogna prendere il treno delle otto (we have to take the eight o'clock train), è bello viaggiare in treno (it's nice to travel by train).
| connettore | esempio | |
|---|---|---|
| because / why | perché | Studio perché voglio andare in Italia. |
| so, therefore | quindi | Fa caldo, quindi andiamo al mare. |
| but, however | però | Mi piace il mare, però preferisco la montagna. |
| so, well then | allora | Allora, prendiamo il treno? |
| also, too | anche | Anche a me piace viaggiare. |
| instead, on the other hand | invece | Io resto qui, invece tu parti. |
| perhaps, maybe | forse | Forse andiamo in Spagna. |
Perché answers perché?; quindi introduces the result; però can also end a sentence.
| avere ragione (to be right) | avere paura (to be afraid) | |
|---|---|---|
| io | ho ragione | ho paura |
| tu | hai ragione | hai paura |
| lui / lei | ha ragione | ha paura |
| noi | abbiamo ragione | abbiamo paura |
| voi | avete ragione | avete paura |
| loro | hanno ragione | hanno paura |
Ragione and paura never change; only the avere part conjugates. Avere paura di + infinitive: ho paura di volare.
| espressione | esempio | |
|---|---|---|
| it is important to | è importante | È importante parlare ogni giorno. |
| it is necessary to / you have to | bisogna | Bisogna comprare il biglietto. |
| it is nice to | è bello | È bello viaggiare in treno. |
| it is difficult to | è difficile | È difficile dormire in aereo. |
No person, no agreement — just the expression plus an infinitive. Bisogna has only this one form.
Learn these words with their pronunciation. Nouns are given with their article — always learn them together.
| Italian | English | Pronunciation | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| viaggiare | to travel | /vjadˈdʒare/ vyahd-JAH-reh | |
| visitare | to visit | /viziˈtare/ vee-zee-TAH-reh | |
| nuotare | to swim | /nwɔˈtare/ nwoh-TAH-reh | |
| prendere | to take; to catch (transport) | /ˈprɛndere/ PREHN-deh-reh | |
| partire | to leave, to depart | /parˈtire/ par-TEE-reh | |
| preferire | to prefer | /preferiˈre/ preh-feh-REE-reh | |
| camminare | to walk | /kammiˈnare/ kahm-mee-NAH-reh | |
| il viaggio | the journey, the trip | /il ˈvjaddʒo/ eel VYAHD-joh | |
| la vacanza | the holiday | /la vaˈkantsa/ lah vah-KAHN-tsah | |
| il mare | the sea, the seaside | /il ˈmare/ eel MAH-reh | |
| la montagna | the mountain, the mountains | /la monˈtaɲɲa/ lah mohn-TAH-nyah | |
| la spiaggia | the beach | /la ˈspjaddʒa/ lah SPYAHD-jah | |
| la città | the city, the town | /la tʃitˈta/ lah cheet-TAH | |
| il paese | the country; the village | /il paˈeze/ eel pah-EH-zeh | |
| il treno | the train | /il ˈtrɛno/ eel TREH-noh | |
| l'aereo | the plane | /l aˈɛreo/ leh-REH-oh | |
| l'autobus | the bus | /l ˈautobus/ LOW-toh-boos | |
| la macchina | the car | /la ˈmakkina/ lah MAHK-kee-nah | |
| il biglietto | the ticket | /il biʎˈʎetto/ eel bee-LYEHT-toh | |
| l'albergo | the hotel | /l alˈbɛrɡo/ lahl-BEHR-goh | |
| il tempo | the weather; time | /il ˈtɛmpo/ eel TEHM-poh | |
| il sole | the sun | /il ˈsole/ eel SOH-leh | |
| la pioggia | the rain | /la ˈpjoddʒa/ lah PYOHD-jah | |
| quindi | so, therefore | /ˈkwindi/ KWEEN-dee | |
| però | but, however | /peˈrɔ/ peh-ROH | |
| allora | so, well then; then | /alˈlora/ ahl-LOH-rah | |
| anche | also, too | /ˈanke/ AHN-keh | |
| invece | instead, on the other hand | /inˈvetʃe/ een-VEH-cheh | |
| forse | perhaps, maybe | /ˈforse/ FOHR-seh | |
| secondo | according to (secondo me — in my opinion) | /seˈkondo/ seh-KOHN-doh |
Secondo me, l'Italia è bellissima.
In my opinion, Italy is beautiful.
IPA /seˈkondo ˈme litaˈlja ˈɛ bellisˈsima/
Say it seh-KOHN-doh meh, lee-TAH-lyah EH behl-LEES-see-mah
Secondo + person: secondo me, secondo te, secondo Marco.
Secondo te, com'è Roma?
What do you think Rome is like?
IPA /seˈkondo ˈte koˈmɛ ˈroma/
Say it seh-KOHN-doh teh, koh-MEH ROH-mah
Com'è = come + è. Use tu with friends, Lei with strangers.
Sono d'accordo con te.
I agree with you.
IPA /ˈsono dakˈkordo kon ˈte/
Say it SOH-noh dahk-KOHR-doh kohn teh
Essere d'accordo — d'accordo never changes.
Non sono d'accordo, però capisco.
I don't agree, but I understand.
IPA /non ˈsono dakˈkordo peˈrɔ kaˈpisko/
Say it nohn SOH-noh dahk-KOHR-doh, peh-ROH kah-PEES-koh
A polite way to disagree: add però and a softener.
Hai ragione!
You're right!
IPA /ai raˈdʒone/
Say it eye rah-JOH-neh
Avere ragione — literally 'to have rightness'. Formal: Ha ragione!
Ho paura di volare.
I'm afraid of flying.
IPA /o paˈura di voˈlare/
Say it oh pah-OO-rah dee voh-LAH-reh
Avere paura di + infinitive: ho paura di nuotare, di guidare.
Mi piace il mare perché è tranquillo.
I like the sea because it's calm.
IPA /mi ˈpjatʃe il ˈmare perˈke ˈɛ trankˈwillo/
Say it mee PYAH-cheh eel MAH-reh pehr-KEH EH trahn-KWEEL-loh
Preferisco la montagna al mare.
I prefer the mountains to the seaside.
IPA /prefeˈrisko la monˈtaɲɲa al ˈmare/
Say it preh-feh-REES-koh lah mohn-TAH-nyah ahl MAH-reh
Preferire X a Y — a + article joins the second thing.
Studio l'italiano perché voglio andare in Italia.
I'm studying Italian because I want to go to Italy.
IPA /ˈstudio litaˈljano perˈke ˈvɔʎʎo anˈdare in itaˈlja/
Say it STOO-dyoh lee-tah-LYAH-noh pehr-KEH VOHL-yoh ahn-DAH-reh een ee-TAH-lyah
Perché + reason: the classic answer to a perché question.
Fa caldo, quindi andiamo al mare.
It's hot, so let's go to the seaside.
IPA /fa ˈkaldo ˈkwindi anˈdjamo al ˈmare/
Say it fah KAHL-doh, KWEEN-dee ahn-DYAH-moh ahl MAH-reh
Quindi introduces the result: fact + quindi + action.
Forse andiamo in Spagna quest'anno.
Perhaps we'll go to Spain this year.
IPA /ˈforse anˈdjamo in ˈspaɲɲa kwest ˈanno/
Say it FOHR-seh ahn-DYAH-moh een SPAH-nyah kwehs-TAHN-noh
Forse usually comes first in the sentence.
Allora, andiamo in treno o in aereo?
So, shall we go by train or by plane?
IPA /alˈlora anˈdjamo in ˈtrɛno o in aˈɛreo/
Say it ahl-LOH-rah, ahn-DYAH-moh een TREH-noh oh een ah-EH-reh-oh
In + means of transport: in treno, in aereo, in macchina, in autobus.
Io vado al mare, invece Marco va in montagna.
I'm going to the seaside; Marco, on the other hand, is going to the mountains.
IPA /ˈio ˈvado al ˈmare inˈvetʃe ˈmarko ˈva in monˈtaɲɲa/
Say it EE-oh VAH-doh ahl MAH-reh, een-VEH-cheh MAR-koh vah een mohn-TAH-nyah
Invece contrasts two parallel statements.
Anche a me piace viaggiare.
I like travelling too.
IPA /ˈanke a ˈme ˈpjatʃe vjadˈdʒare/
Say it AHN-keh ah meh PYAH-cheh vyahd-JAH-reh
Anche a me — me too, with piacere.
È importante parlare ogni giorno.
It's important to speak every day.
IPA /ɛ imporˈtante parˈlare ˈɔɲi ˈdʒorno/
Say it eh eem-pohr-TAHN-teh par-LAH-reh OH-nyee JOHR-noh
Impersonal: no person, just è + adjective + infinitive.
Bisogna prendere il treno delle otto.
We have to take the eight o'clock train.
IPA /biˈzɔɲɲa ˈprɛndere il ˈtrɛno ˈdelle ˈɔtto/
Say it bee-ZOH-nyah PREHN-deh-reh eel TREH-noh DEHL-leh OHT-toh
Bisogna + infinitive: one form for everyone.
Bisogna comprare il biglietto prima di partire.
You have to buy the ticket before leaving.
IPA /biˈzɔɲɲa komˈprare il biʎˈʎetto ˈprima di parˈtire/
Say it bee-ZOH-nyah kohm-PRAH-reh eel bee-LYEHT-toh PREE-mah dee par-TEE-reh
Prima di + infinitive: before doing something.
Che tempo fa oggi?
What's the weather like today?
IPA /ke ˈtɛmpo ˈfa ˈɔddʒi/
Say it keh TEHM-poh fah OHD-jee
The standard weather question — literally 'what weather does it make?'
C'è il sole e fa caldo.
It's sunny and hot.
IPA /tʃ ˈɛ il ˈsole e ˈfa ˈkaldo/
Say it cheh eel SOH-leh eh fah KAHL-doh
Weather idioms: c'è il sole (it's sunny), fa caldo (it's hot), fa freddo (it's cold).
Piove, quindi restiamo in albergo.
It's raining, so we're staying at the hotel.
IPA /ˈpjove ˈkwindi resˈtjamo in alˈbɛrɡo/
Say it PYOH-veh, KWEEN-dee reh-STYAH-moh een ahl-BEHR-goh
Quando partiamo per le vacanze?
When do we leave for the holidays?
IPA /ˈkwando parˈtjamo per le vaˈkantse/
Say it KWAHN-doh par-TYAH-moh pehr leh vah-KAHN-tseh
Partire per + destination or occasion.
Prendo l'aereo per Roma.
I'm taking the plane to Rome.
IPA /ˈprendo l aˈɛreo per ˈroma/
Say it PREHN-doh leh-REH-oh pehr ROH-mah
Prendere is the verb for catching transport.
L'anno scorso siamo andati al mare.
Last year we went to the seaside.
IPA /l ˈanno ˈskorso ˈsjamo anˈdati al ˈmare/
Say it LAHN-noh SKOHR-soh SYAH-moh ahn-DAH-tee ahl MAH-reh
Andare takes essere in the passato prossimo: siamo andati.
Dove preferisci andare in vacanza?
Where do you prefer to go on holiday?
IPA /ˈdove prefeˈriʃʃi anˈdare in vaˈkantsa/
Say it DOH-veh preh-feh-REESH-shee ahn-DAH-reh een vah-KAHN-tsah
Andare in vacanza — to go on holiday.
Giulia and Ben are planning their summer holiday in a café in Bologna.
Allora, Ben, dove andiamo in vacanza quest'estate?
So, Ben, where are we going on holiday this summer?
Secondo me, il mare è perfetto perché fa caldo e mi piace nuotare.
In my opinion, the seaside is perfect because it's hot and I like swimming.
Non sono d'accordo. Preferisco la montagna perché è tranquilla.
I don't agree. I prefer the mountains because they're peaceful.
Però in montagna fa freddo la sera!
But it's cold in the mountains in the evening!
È vero. Però in montagna possiamo camminare e mangiare bene.
That's true. But in the mountains we can walk and eat well.
Forse hai ragione tu. Allora, andiamo in montagna!
Maybe you're right. Well then, let's go to the mountains!
Perfetto! Bisogna comprare i biglietti del treno.
Perfect! We need to buy the train tickets.
Sono d'accordo. Prendiamo il treno delle nove.
I agree. Let's take the nine o'clock train.
Marta and David are waiting for their train to Rome.
Che tempo fa a Roma oggi?
What's the weather like in Rome today?
Secondo l'app, c'è il sole e fa caldo.
According to the app, it's sunny and hot.
Bene! Amo Roma perché è una città bellissima.
Great! I love Rome because it's a beautiful city.
Anche a me piace, però preferisco viaggiare in treno: ho paura di volare.
I like it too, but I prefer travelling by train: I'm afraid of flying.
Capisco. È importante viaggiare tranquilli.
I understand. It's important to travel in a relaxed way.
Quando parte il nostro treno?
When does our train leave?
Alle dieci e mezza, quindi abbiamo tempo per un caffè.
At half past ten, so we have time for a coffee.
Hai ragione! Andiamo al bar.
You're right! Let's go to the bar.
Answer actively — try to recall the Italian before you look at any hint.
Choose the correct connector.
Choose the correct connector.
Choose the correct connector.
Choose the correct word to give an opinion.
Choose the correct word.
Choose the correct impersonal expression.
Fill the gap with the correct noun.
Fill the gap with the correct connector.
Fill the gap with the infinitive.
Fill the gap with the correct connector.
Write the correct form.
Write the correct form.
Write the correct form.
Translate into Italian.
Translate into Italian.
Translate into Italian (informal you).
Translate into Italian using the impersonal expression.
Translate into English.
Translate into English.
Translate into English.
Tap the words in the correct order.
Tap the words in the correct order.
Tap the words in the correct order.
Tap a connector, then tap its meaning.
Play the audio, then type exactly what you hear.
Play the audio, then choose the matching sentence.
Write one connected sentence.
Choose the correct article.
True or false?
Say the sentence aloud, then show the meaning and rate yourself.
Say each sentence aloud three times: once slowly, once at normal speed, once from memory. Then change the opinion or the place and say your own version.
Before you move on, make sure you can do all of this without looking:
Go deeper: Present tense · -ere verbs · -ire verbs · -isc verbs · avere · Prepositions