Lesson 6 of 16

Going, Coming and Completed Movement

Learn andare and venire in the present, then unlock the second half of the Italian past: the passato prossimo with essere, where the ending changes to match who moved. Say where you are going, where you came from and where you have been.

⏱ About 55 minutes 24 phrases 29 exercises

What you will learn

  • Conjugate andare (vado) and venire (vengo) in the present tense
  • Build the passato prossimo with essere for verbs of movement and state
  • Make the past participle agree: sono andato, sono andata, siamo andati, siamo andate
  • Choose between a, in and da to say to, in and from a place
  • Talk about experiences with già, ancora and mai
  • Say what you liked with mi è piaciuto / mi è piaciuta and welcome someone with Benvenuto!

Quick review

Say these aloud before you start. They come from earlier lessons.

  • Parlo inglese. I speak English.
  • Dove abiti? Where do you live?
  • Abito a Londra. I live in London.
  • Ho parlato con Marco. I spoke with Marco.
  • Abbiamo mangiato molto bene. We ate very well.
  • Non lavoro qui. I do not work here.

Theory

Andare and venire: the two movement engines

Andare (to go) and venire (to come) are the two most important movement verbs in Italian. Both are irregular, so learn their six forms as a set: vado, vai, va, andiamo, andate, vanno — and vengo, vieni, viene, veniamo, venite, vengono.

Use andare when the movement goes away from where the speaker is, and venire when it comes towards the speaker: Vado a Roma (I am going to Rome) but Vengo a Roma domani (I am coming to Rome tomorrow) if you will be there waiting.

  • Vado al lavoro in treno. I go to work by train.
  • Veniamo alla festa stasera. We are coming to the party tonight.
  • Dove andate questo weekend? Where are you going this weekend?

The other past: passato prossimo with essere

You already know the past with avere: ho parlato, ho mangiato. But verbs of movement and verbs of state use essere as their auxiliary instead: sono andato (I went), sei venuto (you came), è partito (he left).

The essere forms are sono, sei, è, siamo, siete, sono. The three participles you need first are all slightly irregular: andare → andato, venire → venuto, essere → stato (sono stato = I was / I have been).

  • Sono andato a Roma ieri. I went to Rome yesterday.
  • È venuta in treno. She came by train.
  • Siamo stati in Italia due volte. We have been to Italy twice.

The ending changes: agreement with essere

This is the big difference from ho parlato: when the auxiliary is essere, the participle behaves like an adjective and agrees with the person who moved. A man says sono andato; a woman says sono andata.

In the plural, a group of men (or a mixed group) says siamo andati, and a group of women says siamo andate. The same pattern works for every essere verb: è partito / è partita, siete venuti / siete venute, sono stato / sono stata.

  • Marco è andato al mare. Marco went to the seaside.
  • Anna è andata al mare. Anna went to the seaside.
  • Le ragazze sono tornate tardi. The girls came back late.

A, in, da — and the experience words

Three small prepositions organise all this movement. Use a with cities and small islands (a Roma, a Londra) and in with countries and regions (in Italia, in Inghilterra). In also appears in fixed expressions: in treno, in macchina, in montagna. Da means from: vengo da Londra, sono partito da Milano.

To talk about experiences, add già (already), ancora (still / yet, often as non... ancora = not yet) and mai (ever / never, often as non... mai = never). Finally, to say you liked something, Italian flips the idea: mi è piaciuto il viaggio (the trip was pleasing to me). The participle agrees with the thing you liked: mi è piaciuto il viaggio, but mi è piaciuta la città.

  • Vado in Italia in giugno. I am going to Italy in June.
  • Sei mai stato a Venezia? Have you ever been to Venice?
  • Mi è piaciuta molto la città. I really liked the city.
andare and venire (present tense)
andare (to go) venire (to come)
io vado vengo
tu vai vieni
lui / lei va viene
noi andiamo veniamo
voi andate venite
loro vanno vengono

Both verbs are irregular. Note the two stems of venire: veng- in io and loro, vien- in tu and lui/lei.

essere — to be (present tense, as the past auxiliary)
essere
io sono
tu sei
lui / lei è
noi siamo
voi siete
loro sono

With movement and state verbs, essere + participle builds the past: sono andato = I went.

Participle agreement with essere: sono andato/a/i/e
singular plural
masculine sono andato siamo andati
feminine sono andata siamo andate
masculine (venire) sei venuto siete venuti
feminine (essere) è stata sono state

The ending matches the person who moved: -o (one man), -a (one woman), -i (men or mixed group), -e (women).

Vocabulary

Learn these words with their pronunciation. Nouns are given with their article — always learn them together.

Italian English Pronunciation Audio
andare to go /anˈdare/ ahn-DAH-reh
venire to come /veˈnire/ veh-NEE-reh
essere to be /ˈɛssere/ EHS-seh-reh
partire to leave, to depart /parˈtire/ par-TEE-reh
arrivare to arrive /arriˈvare/ ahr-ree-VAH-reh
tornare to return, to come back /torˈnare/ tor-NAH-reh
uscire to go out /uʃˈʃire/ oo-SHEE-reh
entrare to enter, to go in /enˈtrare/ ehn-TRAH-reh
piacere to like (to be pleasing) /pjaˈtʃere/ pyah-CHEH-reh
il viaggio the journey, the trip /il ˈvjaddʒo/ eel VYAHD-joh
la città the city, the town /la tʃitˈta/ lah cheet-TAH
il paese the country; the village /il paˈeze/ eel pah-EH-zeh
la stazione the station /la statˈtsjone/ lah staht-TSYOH-neh
l'aeroporto the airport /laeroˈpɔrto/ lah-eh-roh-POR-toh
il treno the train /il ˈtrɛno/ eel TREH-noh
la macchina the car /la ˈmakkina/ lah MAHK-kee-nah
la casa the house, home /la ˈkaza/ lah KAH-zah
la vacanza the holiday /la vaˈkantsa/ lah vah-KAHN-tsah
il weekend the weekend /il ˈwikend/ eel WEE-kehnd
il mare the sea, the seaside /il ˈmare/ eel MAH-reh
la montagna the mountain, the mountains /la monˈtaɲɲa/ lah mohn-TAH-nyah
a to, at, in (with cities) /ˈa/ ah
in in, to (with countries); by (transport) /ˈin/ een
da from /ˈda/ dah
già already /ˈdʒa/ JAH
ancora still, yet, again /aŋˈkora/ ahn-KOH-rah
mai ever; never (with non) /ˈmai/ MYE
ieri yesterday /ˈjɛri/ YEH-ree
presto early, soon /ˈprɛsto/ PREH-stoh
benvenuto welcome /benveˈnuto/ behn-veh-NOO-toh

Ready-to-use phrases

Dove vai?

Where are you going?

IPA /ˈdove ˈvai/

Say it DOH-veh VYE

Formal: Dove va?

informal questions movement

Vado a casa.

I am going home.

IPA /ˈvado a ˈkaza/

Say it VAH-doh ah KAH-zah

A casa needs no article.

neutral movement

Vado al lavoro in treno.

I go to work by train.

IPA /ˈvado al laˈvoro in ˈtrɛno/

Say it VAH-doh ahl lah-VOH-roh een TREH-noh

In + means of transport: in treno, in macchina, in autobus.

neutral movement travel work

Andiamo al mare questo weekend!

Let's go to the seaside this weekend!

IPA /anˈdjamo al ˈmare ˈkwesto ˈwikend/

Say it ahn-DYAH-moh ahl MAH-reh KWEH-stoh WEE-kehnd

Andiamo also means let's go.

informal movement travel suggestions

Da dove vieni?

Where do you come from?

IPA /da ˈdove ˈvjɛni/

Say it dah DOH-veh VYEH-nee

Formal: Da dove viene?

informal questions movement

Vengo da Londra.

I come from London.

IPA /ˈveŋɡo da ˈlondra/

Say it VEHNG-goh dah LOHN-drah

Da + city for where you come from.

neutral movement places

Veniamo dall'Inghilterra.

We come from England.

IPA /veˈnjamo dalliŋɡilˈtɛrra/

Say it veh-NYAH-moh dahl-leen-gheel-TEHR-rah

Da + l' before a vowel becomes dall'.

neutral movement places

Benvenuto!

Welcome!

IPA /benveˈnuto/

Say it behn-veh-NOO-toh

To a woman: Benvenuta! To a group: Benvenuti!

neutral greetings

Benvenuti in Italia!

Welcome to Italy!

IPA /benveˈnuti in iˈtalja/

Say it behn-veh-NOO-tee een ee-TAH-lyah

In + country.

travel greetings travel

Sono andato a Roma ieri.

I went to Rome yesterday.

IPA /ˈsono anˈdato a ˈroma ˈjɛri/

Say it SOH-noh ahn-DAH-toh ah ROH-mah YEH-ree

A man speaking. A woman says: Sono andata.

neutral past movement

Siamo andati in montagna la settimana scorsa.

We went to the mountains last week.

IPA /ˈsjamo anˈdati in monˈtaɲɲa la settiˈmana ˈskorsa/

Say it SYAH-moh ahn-DAH-tee een mohn-TAH-nyah lah seht-tee-MAH-nah SKOR-sah

Andati: men or a mixed group. A group of women: siamo andate.

neutral past movement travel

Sei mai stato in Italia?

Have you ever been to Italy?

IPA /ˈsɛi ˈmai ˈstato in iˈtalja/

Say it SAY MYE STAH-toh een ee-TAH-lyah

To a woman: Sei mai stata...? Mai = ever in questions.

informal questions past experiences

Non sono mai stata a Venezia.

I have never been to Venice.

IPA /non ˈsono ˈmai ˈstata a veˈnɛttsja/

Say it nohn SOH-noh MYE STAH-tah ah veh-NEH-tsyah

A woman speaking. Non... mai = never.

neutral past experiences negation

Non siamo ancora partiti.

We have not left yet.

IPA /non ˈsjamo aŋˈkora parˈtiti/

Say it nohn SYAH-moh ahn-KOH-rah par-TEE-tee

Non... ancora = not yet.

neutral past movement negation

Hai già visitato il museo?

Have you already visited the museum?

IPA /ˈai ˈdʒa viziˈtato il muˈzɛo/

Say it eye JAH vee-zee-TAH-toh eel moo-ZEH-oh

Visitare takes avere, so no agreement: hai visitato.

informal questions past experiences

Mi è piaciuto molto il viaggio.

I really liked the trip.

IPA /mi ɛ pjaˈtʃuto ˈmolto il ˈvjaddʒo/

Say it mee eh pyah-CHOO-toh MOHL-toh eel VYAHD-joh

Literally: the trip was pleasing to me. Piaciuto is masculine because il viaggio is masculine.

neutral past feelings travel

Mi è piaciuta molto la città.

I really liked the city.

IPA /mi ɛ pjaˈtʃuta ˈmolto la tʃitˈta/

Say it mee eh pyah-CHOO-tah MOHL-toh lah cheet-TAH

Piaciuta is feminine because la città is feminine.

neutral past feelings travel

Sono stato in Italia due volte.

I have been to Italy twice.

IPA /ˈsono ˈstato in iˈtalja ˈdue ˈvolte/

Say it SOH-noh STAH-toh een ee-TAH-lyah DOO-eh VOHL-teh

Sono stato = I was / I have been. Essere takes essere as its own auxiliary.

neutral past experiences travel

Sei venuta in treno o in macchina?

Did you come by train or by car?

IPA /ˈsɛi veˈnuta in ˈtrɛno o in ˈmakkina/

Say it SAY veh-NOO-tah een TREH-noh oh een MAHK-kee-nah

Venuta: speaking to a woman. To a man: Sei venuto...?

informal questions past travel

Sono arrivato ieri sera.

I arrived yesterday evening.

IPA /ˈsono arriˈvato ˈjɛri ˈsera/

Say it SOH-noh ahr-ree-VAH-toh YEH-ree SEH-rah

Arrivare uses essere: sono arrivato.

neutral past travel

Sono partita stamattina presto.

I left early this morning.

IPA /ˈsono parˈtita stamatˈtina ˈprɛsto/

Say it SOH-noh par-TEE-tah stah-maht-TEE-nah PREH-stoh

A woman speaking. A man says: Sono partito.

neutral past travel

Sono tornato a casa tardi.

I came back home late.

IPA /ˈsono torˈnato a ˈkaza ˈtardi/

Say it SOH-noh tor-NAH-toh ah KAH-zah TAR-dee

neutral past movement

Siamo usciti a cena ieri.

We went out for dinner yesterday.

IPA /ˈsjamo uʃˈʃiti a ˈtʃena ˈjɛri/

Say it SYAH-moh oo-SHEE-tee ah CHEH-nah YEH-ree

Uscire uses essere: siamo usciti.

neutral past movement food

Quando partite per le vacanze?

When are you leaving for your holiday?

IPA /ˈkwando parˈtite per le vaˈkantse/

Say it KWAHN-doh par-TEE-teh pehr leh vah-KAHN-tseh

Voi form of partire.

neutral questions travel

Dialogues

Arriving in Bologna

Giulia welcomes her English friend Emma, who has just arrived at the station in Bologna.

  1. Giulia

    Emma! Benvenuta a Bologna!

    Emma! Welcome to Bologna!

  2. Emma

    Grazie, Giulia! Sono contenta di essere qui.

    Thanks, Giulia! I am happy to be here.

  3. Giulia

    Quando sei arrivata?

    When did you arrive?

  4. Emma

    Sono arrivata ieri sera, in treno da Milano.

    I arrived yesterday evening, by train from Milan.

  5. Giulia

    E sei mai stata a Bologna?

    And have you ever been to Bologna?

  6. Emma

    No, non sono mai venuta qui. Ma sono stata a Firenze due volte.

    No, I have never come here. But I have been to Florence twice.

  7. Giulia

    E ti è piaciuta Firenze?

    And did you like Florence?

  8. Emma

    Sì, mi è piaciuta molto! Domani andiamo al mare?

    Yes, I really liked it! Shall we go to the seaside tomorrow?

  9. Giulia

    Certo! Partiamo presto.

    Of course! We will leave early.

How was the weekend?

Two colleagues, Marco and Luca, chat at the office on Monday morning.

  1. Luca

    Ciao Marco! Dove sei andato questo weekend?

    Hi Marco! Where did you go this weekend?

  2. Marco

    Sono andato al mare con la mia famiglia.

    I went to the seaside with my family.

  3. Luca

    Bello! E siete andati in macchina?

    Nice! And did you go by car?

  4. Marco

    No, siamo andati in treno. Siamo partiti presto e siamo tornati ieri sera.

    No, we went by train. We left early and came back yesterday evening.

  5. Luca

    Vi è piaciuto il viaggio?

    Did you like the trip?

  6. Marco

    Sì, ci è piaciuto molto. E tu, cosa hai fatto?

    Yes, we liked it a lot. And you, what did you do?

  7. Luca

    Io sono uscito a cena con degli amici e poi sono andato a casa presto.

    I went out for dinner with some friends and then I went home early.

  8. Marco

    Anche bene! Adesso però andiamo al lavoro...

    That's good too! Now, though, let's get to work...

Exercises

Answer actively — try to recall the Italian before you look at any hint.

multiple choice Exercise 1

Choose the correct form of andare.

Io ___ a Roma domani.
multiple choice Exercise 2

Choose the correct form of andare.

Noi ___ in Italia quest'estate.
multiple choice Exercise 3

Choose the correct form of venire.

Voi ___ da Londra?
conjugation Exercise 4

Write the correct form.

andare — loro (present tense)
conjugation Exercise 5

Write the correct form.

venire — io (present tense)
conjugation Exercise 6

Write the correct form.

venire — noi (present tense)
fill gap Exercise 7

Fill the gap with the correct present form.

Marco ___ a Milano in treno. (andare)
fill gap Exercise 8

Fill the gap with the past participle.

Sono ___ a Roma ieri. (andare — a man speaking)
fill gap Exercise 9

Fill the gap with the past participle.

Maria è ___ a Parigi. (andare)
multiple choice Exercise 10

Choose the correct auxiliary.

Ieri sera ___ andati al cinema.
multiple choice Exercise 11

Choose the correct participle of piacere.

Mi è ___ molto la città.
multiple choice Exercise 12

Choose the correct auxiliary to ask a man if he has ever been to Italy.

___ mai stato in Italia?
translate to italian Exercise 13

Translate into Italian.

I am going to the station.
translate to italian Exercise 14

Translate into Italian. (last week = la settimana scorsa)

We went to Rome last week.
translate to italian Exercise 15

Translate into Italian.

Have you ever been to Italy? (asking a man)
translate to italian Exercise 16

Translate into Italian.

She came from Milan.
translate to english Exercise 17

Translate into English.

Sono andata al mare con la mia famiglia.
translate to english Exercise 18

Translate into English.

Non sono ancora stato a Venezia.
word order Exercise 19

Tap the words in the correct order.

Build the sentence: I went to Florence yesterday. (a man speaking)
word order Exercise 20

Tap the words in the correct order.

Build the sentence: We come from England.
match pairs Exercise 21

Tap a pronoun, then tap its verb form.

Match each pronoun to the correct form of andare.
match pairs Exercise 22

Tap a person, then tap the matching sentence.

Match each person to the correct past sentence of andare.
true false Exercise 23

True or false?

Andare forms the passato prossimo with avere: ho andato.
true false Exercise 24

True or false?

You say Benvenuta! to welcome one woman.
listen and type Exercise 25

Play the audio, then type exactly what you hear.

Listen and write the Italian sentence.
listen and choose Exercise 26

Play the audio, then choose the matching sentence.

Listen and choose the sentence you hear.
sentence transform Exercise 27

Rewrite the sentence in the passato prossimo.

Vado a Roma. → Change to the past: I went to Rome. (a man speaking)
article choice Exercise 28

Choose the correct article.

Vado a ___ stazione.
flashcard self rating Exercise 29

Say the sentence aloud, then show the meaning and rate yourself.

Mi è piaciuto molto il viaggio.

Speak now

Say each sentence aloud three times: once slowly, once at normal speed, once from memory. Then change the place or the person and say your own version — remember to change the participle ending if you change who moved.

  • Dove vai questo weekend? Vado al mare. Where are you going this weekend? I am going to the seaside.
  • Sono andata a Roma la settimana scorsa. I went to Rome last week. (a woman speaking)
  • Sei mai stato in Italia? Non sono mai stato a Venezia. Have you ever been to Italy? I have never been to Venice. (a man speaking)
  • Siamo partiti presto e siamo arrivati tardi. We left early and arrived late.
  • Mi è piaciuta molto la città. I really liked the city.

Lesson checkpoint

Before you move on, make sure you can do all of this without looking:

  1. Say all six present forms of andare and venire from memory
  2. Say where you are going today and where you come from
  3. Form the past of andare, venire and essere with the correct agreement: sono andato / andata / andati / andate
  4. Ask someone if they have ever been to Italy and answer with mai or non... ancora
  5. Say that you liked a trip (il viaggio) and a city (la città) with the correct participle
  6. Welcome a man, a woman and a group correctly

Remember this

  • Andare is irregular: vado, vai, va, andiamo, andate, vanno. Venire: vengo, vieni, viene, veniamo, venite, vengono.
  • Verbs of movement and state build the past with essere: sono andato, sei venuto, è partito, sono stato.
  • With essere the participle agrees with the person: sono andato / sono andata / siamo andati / siamo andate.
  • A for cities (a Roma), in for countries and transport (in Italia, in treno), da for from (vengo da Londra).
  • Già = already, non... ancora = not yet, mai / non... mai = ever / never: Sei mai stato in Italia?
  • Mi è piaciuto il viaggio but mi è piaciuta la città — the participle agrees with the thing you liked. Welcome people with Benvenuto! / Benvenuta! / Benvenuti!

Go deeper: Present tense · essere · Passato prossimo · avere vs essere · Prepositions · Negation