Dove vai?
Where are you going?
IPA /ˈdove ˈvai/
Say it DOH-veh VYE
Formal: Dove va?
Learn andare and venire in the present, then unlock the second half of the Italian past: the passato prossimo with essere, where the ending changes to match who moved. Say where you are going, where you came from and where you have been.
Say these aloud before you start. They come from earlier lessons.
Andare (to go) and venire (to come) are the two most important movement verbs in Italian. Both are irregular, so learn their six forms as a set: vado, vai, va, andiamo, andate, vanno — and vengo, vieni, viene, veniamo, venite, vengono.
Use andare when the movement goes away from where the speaker is, and venire when it comes towards the speaker: Vado a Roma (I am going to Rome) but Vengo a Roma domani (I am coming to Rome tomorrow) if you will be there waiting.
You already know the past with avere: ho parlato, ho mangiato. But verbs of movement and verbs of state use essere as their auxiliary instead: sono andato (I went), sei venuto (you came), è partito (he left).
The essere forms are sono, sei, è, siamo, siete, sono. The three participles you need first are all slightly irregular: andare → andato, venire → venuto, essere → stato (sono stato = I was / I have been).
This is the big difference from ho parlato: when the auxiliary is essere, the participle behaves like an adjective and agrees with the person who moved. A man says sono andato; a woman says sono andata.
In the plural, a group of men (or a mixed group) says siamo andati, and a group of women says siamo andate. The same pattern works for every essere verb: è partito / è partita, siete venuti / siete venute, sono stato / sono stata.
Three small prepositions organise all this movement. Use a with cities and small islands (a Roma, a Londra) and in with countries and regions (in Italia, in Inghilterra). In also appears in fixed expressions: in treno, in macchina, in montagna. Da means from: vengo da Londra, sono partito da Milano.
To talk about experiences, add già (already), ancora (still / yet, often as non... ancora = not yet) and mai (ever / never, often as non... mai = never). Finally, to say you liked something, Italian flips the idea: mi è piaciuto il viaggio (the trip was pleasing to me). The participle agrees with the thing you liked: mi è piaciuto il viaggio, but mi è piaciuta la città.
| andare (to go) | venire (to come) | |
|---|---|---|
| io | vado | vengo |
| tu | vai | vieni |
| lui / lei | va | viene |
| noi | andiamo | veniamo |
| voi | andate | venite |
| loro | vanno | vengono |
Both verbs are irregular. Note the two stems of venire: veng- in io and loro, vien- in tu and lui/lei.
| essere | |
|---|---|
| io | sono |
| tu | sei |
| lui / lei | è |
| noi | siamo |
| voi | siete |
| loro | sono |
With movement and state verbs, essere + participle builds the past: sono andato = I went.
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| masculine | sono andato | siamo andati |
| feminine | sono andata | siamo andate |
| masculine (venire) | sei venuto | siete venuti |
| feminine (essere) | è stata | sono state |
The ending matches the person who moved: -o (one man), -a (one woman), -i (men or mixed group), -e (women).
Learn these words with their pronunciation. Nouns are given with their article — always learn them together.
| Italian | English | Pronunciation | Audio |
|---|---|---|---|
| andare | to go | /anˈdare/ ahn-DAH-reh | |
| venire | to come | /veˈnire/ veh-NEE-reh | |
| essere | to be | /ˈɛssere/ EHS-seh-reh | |
| partire | to leave, to depart | /parˈtire/ par-TEE-reh | |
| arrivare | to arrive | /arriˈvare/ ahr-ree-VAH-reh | |
| tornare | to return, to come back | /torˈnare/ tor-NAH-reh | |
| uscire | to go out | /uʃˈʃire/ oo-SHEE-reh | |
| entrare | to enter, to go in | /enˈtrare/ ehn-TRAH-reh | |
| piacere | to like (to be pleasing) | /pjaˈtʃere/ pyah-CHEH-reh | |
| il viaggio | the journey, the trip | /il ˈvjaddʒo/ eel VYAHD-joh | |
| la città | the city, the town | /la tʃitˈta/ lah cheet-TAH | |
| il paese | the country; the village | /il paˈeze/ eel pah-EH-zeh | |
| la stazione | the station | /la statˈtsjone/ lah staht-TSYOH-neh | |
| l'aeroporto | the airport | /laeroˈpɔrto/ lah-eh-roh-POR-toh | |
| il treno | the train | /il ˈtrɛno/ eel TREH-noh | |
| la macchina | the car | /la ˈmakkina/ lah MAHK-kee-nah | |
| la casa | the house, home | /la ˈkaza/ lah KAH-zah | |
| la vacanza | the holiday | /la vaˈkantsa/ lah vah-KAHN-tsah | |
| il weekend | the weekend | /il ˈwikend/ eel WEE-kehnd | |
| il mare | the sea, the seaside | /il ˈmare/ eel MAH-reh | |
| la montagna | the mountain, the mountains | /la monˈtaɲɲa/ lah mohn-TAH-nyah | |
| a | to, at, in (with cities) | /ˈa/ ah | |
| in | in, to (with countries); by (transport) | /ˈin/ een | |
| da | from | /ˈda/ dah | |
| già | already | /ˈdʒa/ JAH | |
| ancora | still, yet, again | /aŋˈkora/ ahn-KOH-rah | |
| mai | ever; never (with non) | /ˈmai/ MYE | |
| ieri | yesterday | /ˈjɛri/ YEH-ree | |
| presto | early, soon | /ˈprɛsto/ PREH-stoh | |
| benvenuto | welcome | /benveˈnuto/ behn-veh-NOO-toh |
Dove vai?
Where are you going?
IPA /ˈdove ˈvai/
Say it DOH-veh VYE
Formal: Dove va?
Vado a casa.
I am going home.
IPA /ˈvado a ˈkaza/
Say it VAH-doh ah KAH-zah
A casa needs no article.
Vado al lavoro in treno.
I go to work by train.
IPA /ˈvado al laˈvoro in ˈtrɛno/
Say it VAH-doh ahl lah-VOH-roh een TREH-noh
In + means of transport: in treno, in macchina, in autobus.
Andiamo al mare questo weekend!
Let's go to the seaside this weekend!
IPA /anˈdjamo al ˈmare ˈkwesto ˈwikend/
Say it ahn-DYAH-moh ahl MAH-reh KWEH-stoh WEE-kehnd
Andiamo also means let's go.
Da dove vieni?
Where do you come from?
IPA /da ˈdove ˈvjɛni/
Say it dah DOH-veh VYEH-nee
Formal: Da dove viene?
Vengo da Londra.
I come from London.
IPA /ˈveŋɡo da ˈlondra/
Say it VEHNG-goh dah LOHN-drah
Da + city for where you come from.
Veniamo dall'Inghilterra.
We come from England.
IPA /veˈnjamo dalliŋɡilˈtɛrra/
Say it veh-NYAH-moh dahl-leen-gheel-TEHR-rah
Da + l' before a vowel becomes dall'.
Benvenuto!
Welcome!
IPA /benveˈnuto/
Say it behn-veh-NOO-toh
To a woman: Benvenuta! To a group: Benvenuti!
Benvenuti in Italia!
Welcome to Italy!
IPA /benveˈnuti in iˈtalja/
Say it behn-veh-NOO-tee een ee-TAH-lyah
In + country.
Sono andato a Roma ieri.
I went to Rome yesterday.
IPA /ˈsono anˈdato a ˈroma ˈjɛri/
Say it SOH-noh ahn-DAH-toh ah ROH-mah YEH-ree
A man speaking. A woman says: Sono andata.
Siamo andati in montagna la settimana scorsa.
We went to the mountains last week.
IPA /ˈsjamo anˈdati in monˈtaɲɲa la settiˈmana ˈskorsa/
Say it SYAH-moh ahn-DAH-tee een mohn-TAH-nyah lah seht-tee-MAH-nah SKOR-sah
Andati: men or a mixed group. A group of women: siamo andate.
Sei mai stato in Italia?
Have you ever been to Italy?
IPA /ˈsɛi ˈmai ˈstato in iˈtalja/
Say it SAY MYE STAH-toh een ee-TAH-lyah
To a woman: Sei mai stata...? Mai = ever in questions.
Non sono mai stata a Venezia.
I have never been to Venice.
IPA /non ˈsono ˈmai ˈstata a veˈnɛttsja/
Say it nohn SOH-noh MYE STAH-tah ah veh-NEH-tsyah
A woman speaking. Non... mai = never.
Non siamo ancora partiti.
We have not left yet.
IPA /non ˈsjamo aŋˈkora parˈtiti/
Say it nohn SYAH-moh ahn-KOH-rah par-TEE-tee
Non... ancora = not yet.
Hai già visitato il museo?
Have you already visited the museum?
IPA /ˈai ˈdʒa viziˈtato il muˈzɛo/
Say it eye JAH vee-zee-TAH-toh eel moo-ZEH-oh
Visitare takes avere, so no agreement: hai visitato.
Mi è piaciuto molto il viaggio.
I really liked the trip.
IPA /mi ɛ pjaˈtʃuto ˈmolto il ˈvjaddʒo/
Say it mee eh pyah-CHOO-toh MOHL-toh eel VYAHD-joh
Literally: the trip was pleasing to me. Piaciuto is masculine because il viaggio is masculine.
Mi è piaciuta molto la città.
I really liked the city.
IPA /mi ɛ pjaˈtʃuta ˈmolto la tʃitˈta/
Say it mee eh pyah-CHOO-tah MOHL-toh lah cheet-TAH
Piaciuta is feminine because la città is feminine.
Sono stato in Italia due volte.
I have been to Italy twice.
IPA /ˈsono ˈstato in iˈtalja ˈdue ˈvolte/
Say it SOH-noh STAH-toh een ee-TAH-lyah DOO-eh VOHL-teh
Sono stato = I was / I have been. Essere takes essere as its own auxiliary.
Sei venuta in treno o in macchina?
Did you come by train or by car?
IPA /ˈsɛi veˈnuta in ˈtrɛno o in ˈmakkina/
Say it SAY veh-NOO-tah een TREH-noh oh een MAHK-kee-nah
Venuta: speaking to a woman. To a man: Sei venuto...?
Sono arrivato ieri sera.
I arrived yesterday evening.
IPA /ˈsono arriˈvato ˈjɛri ˈsera/
Say it SOH-noh ahr-ree-VAH-toh YEH-ree SEH-rah
Arrivare uses essere: sono arrivato.
Sono partita stamattina presto.
I left early this morning.
IPA /ˈsono parˈtita stamatˈtina ˈprɛsto/
Say it SOH-noh par-TEE-tah stah-maht-TEE-nah PREH-stoh
A woman speaking. A man says: Sono partito.
Sono tornato a casa tardi.
I came back home late.
IPA /ˈsono torˈnato a ˈkaza ˈtardi/
Say it SOH-noh tor-NAH-toh ah KAH-zah TAR-dee
Siamo usciti a cena ieri.
We went out for dinner yesterday.
IPA /ˈsjamo uʃˈʃiti a ˈtʃena ˈjɛri/
Say it SYAH-moh oo-SHEE-tee ah CHEH-nah YEH-ree
Uscire uses essere: siamo usciti.
Quando partite per le vacanze?
When are you leaving for your holiday?
IPA /ˈkwando parˈtite per le vaˈkantse/
Say it KWAHN-doh par-TEE-teh pehr leh vah-KAHN-tseh
Voi form of partire.
Giulia welcomes her English friend Emma, who has just arrived at the station in Bologna.
Emma! Benvenuta a Bologna!
Emma! Welcome to Bologna!
Grazie, Giulia! Sono contenta di essere qui.
Thanks, Giulia! I am happy to be here.
Quando sei arrivata?
When did you arrive?
Sono arrivata ieri sera, in treno da Milano.
I arrived yesterday evening, by train from Milan.
E sei mai stata a Bologna?
And have you ever been to Bologna?
No, non sono mai venuta qui. Ma sono stata a Firenze due volte.
No, I have never come here. But I have been to Florence twice.
E ti è piaciuta Firenze?
And did you like Florence?
Sì, mi è piaciuta molto! Domani andiamo al mare?
Yes, I really liked it! Shall we go to the seaside tomorrow?
Certo! Partiamo presto.
Of course! We will leave early.
Two colleagues, Marco and Luca, chat at the office on Monday morning.
Ciao Marco! Dove sei andato questo weekend?
Hi Marco! Where did you go this weekend?
Sono andato al mare con la mia famiglia.
I went to the seaside with my family.
Bello! E siete andati in macchina?
Nice! And did you go by car?
No, siamo andati in treno. Siamo partiti presto e siamo tornati ieri sera.
No, we went by train. We left early and came back yesterday evening.
Vi è piaciuto il viaggio?
Did you like the trip?
Sì, ci è piaciuto molto. E tu, cosa hai fatto?
Yes, we liked it a lot. And you, what did you do?
Io sono uscito a cena con degli amici e poi sono andato a casa presto.
I went out for dinner with some friends and then I went home early.
Anche bene! Adesso però andiamo al lavoro...
That's good too! Now, though, let's get to work...
Answer actively — try to recall the Italian before you look at any hint.
Choose the correct form of andare.
Choose the correct form of andare.
Choose the correct form of venire.
Write the correct form.
Write the correct form.
Write the correct form.
Fill the gap with the correct present form.
Fill the gap with the past participle.
Fill the gap with the past participle.
Choose the correct auxiliary.
Choose the correct participle of piacere.
Choose the correct auxiliary to ask a man if he has ever been to Italy.
Translate into Italian.
Translate into Italian. (last week = la settimana scorsa)
Translate into Italian.
Translate into Italian.
Translate into English.
Translate into English.
Tap the words in the correct order.
Tap the words in the correct order.
Tap a pronoun, then tap its verb form.
Tap a person, then tap the matching sentence.
True or false?
True or false?
Play the audio, then type exactly what you hear.
Play the audio, then choose the matching sentence.
Rewrite the sentence in the passato prossimo.
Choose the correct article.
Say the sentence aloud, then show the meaning and rate yourself.
Say each sentence aloud three times: once slowly, once at normal speed, once from memory. Then change the place or the person and say your own version — remember to change the participle ending if you change who moved.
Before you move on, make sure you can do all of this without looking:
Go deeper: Present tense · essere · Passato prossimo · avere vs essere · Prepositions · Negation